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Extensible Markup Language  |  1995-06-15  |  3KB  |  19 lines
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
  3. <card>
  4.     <id>48562</id>
  5.     <filler1>0</filler1>
  6.     <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
  7.     <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
  8.     <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
  9.     <owner>5472</owner>
  10.     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_3106.css" />
  11.     <content>
  12.         <layer>background</layer>
  13.         <id>31</id>
  14.         <text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">TURKMENISTAN</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name: </span><span class="style13">Tiurkmenostan (Turkmenistan)</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, CIS, OSCE</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">488100 km2 (188500 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">4295000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Ashkhabad (Ashgabat) 416000 (1991 est)</span><span class="style42">Other major city:</span><span class="style13"> Chardzhou (Charjew) 166000 (1991 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Turkmen (72%), Russian (9%), Uzbek (9%)</span><span class="style42">Religion: </span><span class="style13">Sunni Islam majority</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">A 50-member legislature (Majlis) and a President are elected by universal adult suffrage for five years. The President appoints a Prime Minister and a Cabinet.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">The sandy Kara-Kum Desert occupies the center of the republic, over 90% of which is desert. The Kopet Dag mountains form the border with Iran. </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">Turkmenistan has a continental climate characterized by hot summers, freezing winters and very low precipitation.</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">Turkmenistan is rich in oil and natural gas. Industries include engineering, metal processing and textiles. Collective farms grow cotton under irrigation and raise sheep, camels and horses. The economy remains largely state-owned and centrally planned, although reforms began in 1993. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Manat.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">The Turkmens are a nomadic Turkic people who were nominally subject to Persia, or to the khans of Khiva and Bukhara (now both in Uzbekistan), before coming under Russian rule between 1869 and 1881. The Turkmens fiercely resisted the Russians and rose in revolt in 1916. An autonomous Transcaspian government was formed after the Russian Revolution, and the area was not brought under Soviet control until the Red Army invaded in 1919. The Turkmen territories were reorganized and eventually admitted as a full Union Republic of the USSR in 1925. Independence was declared following the abortive coup by Communist hardliners in Moscow, and the republic received international recognition when the USSR was dissolved (1991). Since independence, opposition has been curtailed and President Niyazov has been the object of a growing personality cult.</span></text>
  15.     </content>
  16.     <name>Turkmenistan</name>
  17.     <script></script>
  18. </card>
  19.